Comparison of ondansetron, cyclizine and prochlorperazine for PONV prophylaxis in laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Abstract

Objective: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most common postoperative complication among patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures, because of the formation of pneumoperitonium during laparoscopic procedures. A number of antiemetic drugs have been used to prevent PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of ondansetron, cyclizine and prochlorperazine in preventing PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
Methodology: In this randomized single blinded controlled trial, we included 195 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy having ASA status I or II. Selected patients were randomly divided into three equal groups of participants: Group O patients were given ondansetron (4 mg) for the prevention of PONV, Group C patients received cyclizine (50 mg), and Group P patients were given prochlorperazine (10 mg). All groups received their PONV drugs in identical 50 ml syringes. General anesthesia was given to all patients.Metoclopramide was used as a rescue antiemetic drug in all patients. Incidence of PONV within 24 hours, need of rescue anti-emetics and adverse effects e.g. headache, dizziness and sedation within 6 hours after surgery were the focused study outcomes.  Comparative analysis was done by Chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test as needed. ANOVA test was used to compare quantitative variables between the three groups. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.