Locked-in syndrome post facet joint injection: a case report

Abstract

Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is a neurological condition characterized by quadriplegia and anarthria with preservation of consciousness. This is a rare, but serious condition as patients with LIS are conscious and possess cognitive function, but cannot move or communicate verbally due to the paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body. We present a case of a 43-year-old lady who developed locked-in syndrome following a lumbar facet joint injection for chronic spinal pain. The patient developed a sudden onset of quadriplegia and loss of speech around 10 min after the injection. Neurological examination revealed preserved consciousness and alertness, with intact cranial nerve function. Diagnostic work-up, including neuroimaging and laboratory tests, ruled out hemorrhage or other structural lesions. We discuss the potential mechanisms underlying this unexpected complication, explore diagnostic challenges and treatment options. Despite its rarity, this case highlights the importance of careful patient selection, precise procedural technique, and prompt recognition of complications associated with interventional pain procedures.

Abbreviations: ITP - immune thrombocytopenic purpura; LIS - Locked-in syndrome; SLE - systemic lupus erythematous; SIJ - sacroiliac joint

Keywords: Locked-In Syndrome; Facet Joint Injection; Complication; Neurological; Case Report

Citation: Hehsan MR, Ismet S, Hassan SK, Ibrahim K. Locked-in syndrome post facet joint injection: a case report

Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(5):951−954. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i5.2512

Received: July 22, 2024; Reviewed: September 05, 2024; Accepted: September 05, 2024