Relevance of KIM-1 and NGAL biomarkers in the diagnosis of persistent kidney failure

Abstract

Background & objective: chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition in which the kidney function is gradually lost over time, which includes filtration of waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream, maintaining electrolytes balance and produce hormones that regulate blood pressure and stimulate red blood cell production. The target of management for CRF (CRF) is to restrict the injury to the kidneys, usually by detection of its underlying cause. The current study aimed to detect and relate biomarker levels, such as Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule type 1 (KIM-1) in patients with CKD.

Methodology: Ninety participants took part in the study between Sep 2023 and Jan 2024 through random sampling. They were divided into two groups; Group-1 included 45 healthy volunteers, and Group-2 included 45 individuals with CKD, stage 1 to end stage renal failure and were on dialysis. The ELISA method was used to measure the serum levels of NGAL and KIM-1 in each person. Colorimetric techniques were used to measure creatinine, potassium, calcium, serum urea, and random blood sugar (RBS).

Version 25 of IBM's statistical software for the social sciences (SPSS) on a Windows platform was used to conduct the statistical study. Using the analysis of variance student t test, patients with CKD were compared to a healthy group; a P ≤ 0. 05 indicated statistical significance.

Results: Between individuals with chronic kidney disease and the healthy group, there was a statistically significant variance in NGAL and KIM_1, serum creatinine, urea, potassium, calcium, and RBS.

Conclusion: Patients with CRF had considerably higher levels of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule type 1 (KIM-1), which are diagnostic markers.

Abbreviations: CKD - Chronic Kidney Disease; CRF - Chronic Renal Failure; GFR - Glomerular Filtration Rate; KIM-1 - Kidney Injury Molecule -1; NGAL - Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin; RBS - Random Blood Sugar

Keywords: Chronic renal conditions; KIM-1; NGAL

Citation: Hasan KY, Al Ammar HAJ. Relevance of KIM-1 and NGAL biomarkers in the diagnosis of persistent kidney failure. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(3):472−480; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i3.2463

Received: February 29, 2024; Revised: March 10, 2024; Accepted: March 14, 2024